How many watts does a space heater need?
Two numbers decide it: the size of the room and whether the heater is the only heat or just extra heat on top of your central system.
- Extra heat for one room (the usual case): the common rule is 10 watts per square foot with an 8 ft ceiling. A 1,500 W heater, the most you can buy for a standard outlet, covers about 150 sq ft this way.
- Main heat for the room: on the coldest days the heater has to replace the whole heat loss, so we use the same climate-zone method as our heating BTU calculator. In a cold climate a 1,500 W heater may cover only about 90 to 110 sq ft.
We then adjust for ceiling height and insulation, and convert to watts (1 watt = 3.412 BTU per hour).
Why every heater says 1,500 W. Plug-in heaters on a standard 120 V outlet top out at 1,500 W, about 12.5 amps. That is why almost every model on the market has the same maximum output, whatever its size or shape, and why a 15-amp circuit can run only one of them.
Ceramic, tower, oil-filled or infrared?
Every electric resistance heater turns its watts into the same amount of heat: a 1,500 W oil-filled radiator puts out no more and no less than a 1,500 W ceramic heater. The type changes how the heat reaches you:
- Ceramic and tower heaters blow warm air with a fan. They heat a room fast and are small and cheap; towers spread the air with oscillation.
- Oil-filled radiators have no fan. They are silent and slow to warm up, then hold steady heat. Good for bedrooms.
- Infrared heaters warm people and objects in front of them, which feels quick even in a drafty room.
- Mini and desk heaters (500 to 800 W) warm one person at a desk, not a room.
What a space heater costs to run
Cost per hour = kilowatts × your electricity price. A 1,500 W heater on high uses 1.5 kWh per hour: at 17 cents per kWh, about 26 cents an hour, or about $2 for an 8-hour evening. The thermostat cuts that once the room is warm.
Safety
Plug the heater straight into a wall outlet, never into an extension cord or power strip. Keep it at least 3 feet from anything that can burn, such as bedding, curtains and furniture, and turn it off when you leave the room or go to sleep. Choose a model with a tip-over shut-off and overheat protection, and a safety listing from a recognized lab such as UL or ETL.